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  1. Cutsman
    Thread

    Meh

    Title says it all.... bye
    Thread by: Cutsman, Apr 11, 2009, 5 replies, in forum: Departure Hall
  2. Cutsman
    I was looking at another post by another Member and they were able to take a screenshot of their screen. Just wondering how it works. I know I posted it in the Spam Zone but im switching it so i dont get a bunch of spam about it
    Thread by: Cutsman, Apr 7, 2009, 9 replies, in forum: Feedback & Assistance
  3. Cutsman
    Just wondering cuz I'd love to take a screen shot of something on my computer and im not sure how...
    Thread by: Cutsman, Apr 7, 2009, 95 replies, in forum: The Spam Zone
  4. Cutsman
    So I have decided to elaborate on a few of my favorite topics to discuss.... First! RELIGION!

    A religion is an organized approach to human spirituality which usually encompasses a set of narratives, symbols, beliefs and practices, often with a supernatural or transcendent quality, that give meaning to the practitioner's experiences of life through reference to a higher power or truth.[1] It may be expressed through prayer, ritual, meditation, music and art, among other things. It may focus on specific supernatural, metaphysical, and moral claims about reality (the cosmos, and human nature) which may yield a set of religious laws, ethics, and a particular lifestyle. Religion also encompasses ancestral or cultural traditions, writings, history, and mythology, as well as personal faith and religious experience.
    The term "religion" refers to both the personal practices related to communal faith and to group rituals and communication stemming from shared conviction. "Religion" is sometimes used interchangeably with "faith" or "belief system,"[2] but it is more socially defined than personal convictions, and it entails specific behaviors, respectively.
    The development of religion has taken many forms in various cultures. It considers psychological and social roots, along with origins and historical development.
    In the frame of western religious thought,[3] religions present a common quality, the "hallmark of patriarchal religious thought": the division of the world in two comprehensive domains, one sacred, the other profane.[4] Religion is often described as a communal system for the coherence of belief focusing on a system of thought, unseen being, person, or object, that is considered to be supernatural, sacred, divine, or of the highest truth. Moral codes, practices, values, institutions, tradition, rituals, and scriptures are often traditionally associated with the core belief, and these may have some overlap with concepts in secular philosophy. Religion is also often described as a "way of life" or a life stance.

    Etymology

    The English word religion has been in use since the 13th century, loaned from Anglo-French religiun (11th century), ultimately from the Latin religio, "reverence for God or the gods, careful pondering of divine things, piety, the res divinae".[5]
    The ultimate origins of Latin religio are obscure. It is usually accepted to derive from ligare "bind, connect"; likely from a prefixed re-ligare, i.e. re (again) + ligare or "to reconnect." This interpretation is favoured by modern scholars such as Tom Harpur and Joseph Campbell, but was made prominent by St. Augustine, following the interpretation of Lactantius. Another possibility is derivation from a reduplicated *le-ligare. A historical interpretation due to Cicero on the other hand connects lego "read", i.e. re (again) + lego in the sense of "choose", "go over again" or "consider carefully".[6] It may also be from Latin religiō, religiōn-, perhaps from religāre, to tie fast.[7]

    Definitions of religion

    Further information: Sociology of Religion, Transcendence, Theism, Sacred (comparative religion), Religion and mythology, and Myth and ritual
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    Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism are one, a painting in the litang style portraying three men laughing by a river stream, 12th century, Song Dynasty.


    Religion has been defined in a wide variety of ways. Most definitions attempt to find a balance somewhere between overly sharp definition and meaningless generalities. Some sources have tried to use formalistic, doctrinal definitions while others have emphasized experiential, emotive, intuitive, valuational and ethical factors. Definitions mostly include:
    Sociologists and anthropologists tend to see religion as an abstract set of ideas, values, or experiences developed as part of a cultural matrix. For example, in Lindbeck's Nature of Doctrine, religion does not refer to belief in "God" or a transcendent Absolute. Instead, Lindbeck defines religion as, "a kind of cultural and/or linguistic framework or medium that shapes the entirety of life and thought… it is similar to an idiom that makes possible the description of realities, the formulation of beliefs, and the experiencing of inner attitudes, feelings, and sentiments.â€[8] According to this definition, religion refers to one's primary worldview and how this dictates one's thoughts and actions.
    There is a tendency in the sociology of religion to emphasize the problems of any definition of religion. Talal Asad has gone so far as to say â€there cannot be a universal definition of religion … because that definition is itself the historical product of discursive processesâ€[9]
    Other religious scholars have put forward a definition of religion that avoids the reductionism of the various sociological and psychological disciplines that reduce religion to its component factors. Religion may be defined as the presence of a belief in the sacred or the holy. For example Rudolf Otto's "The Idea of the Holy," formulated in 1917, defines the essence of religious awareness as awe, a unique blend of fear and fascination before the divine. Friedrich Schleiermacher in the late 18th century defined religion as a "feeling of absolute dependence."
    The Encyclopedia of Religion defines religion this way:[10]
    In summary, it may be said that almost every known culture involves the religious in the above sense of a depth dimension in cultural experiences at all levels — a push, whether ill-defined or conscious, toward some sort of ultimacy and transcendence that will provide norms and power for the rest of life. When more or less distinct patterns of behaviour are built around this depth dimension in a culture, this structure constitutes religion in its historically recognizable form. Religion is the organization of life around the depth dimensions of experience — varied in form, completeness, and clarity in accordance with the environing culture."
    Other encyclopedic definitions include: "A general term used... to designate all concepts concerning the belief in god(s) and goddess(es) as well as other spiritual beings or transcendental ultimate concerns"[11] and "human beings' relation to that which they regard as holy, sacred, spiritual, or divine."[12]

    Religion and superstition

    Further information: Superstition, Magical thinking, and Magic and religion
    While superstitions and magical thinking refer to nonscientific causal reasoning, applied to specific things or actions, a religion is a more complex system about general or ultimate things, involving morality, history and community. Because religions may include and exploit certain superstitions or make use of magical thinking, while mixing them with broader considerations, the division between superstition and religious faith is hard to specify and subjective. Religious believers have often seen other religions as superstition.[13] Likewise, some atheists, agnostics, deists, and skeptics regard religious belief as superstition. Religious practices are most likely to be labeled "superstitious" by outsiders when they include belief in extraordinary events (miracles), an afterlife, supernatural interventions, apparitions or the efficacy of prayer, charms, incantations, the meaningfulness of omens, and prognostications.
    Greek and Roman pagans, who modeled their relations with the gods on political and social terms scorned the man who constantly trembled with fear at the thought of the gods, as a slave feared a cruel and capricious master. Such fear of the gods (deisidaimonia) was what the Romans meant by superstitio (Veyne 1987, p 211). Early Christianity was outlawed as a superstitio Iudaica, a "Jewish superstition", by Domitian in the 80s AD, and by AD 425, Theodosius II outlawed pagan traditions as superstitious.
    The Roman Catholic Church considers superstition to be sinful in the sense that it denotes a lack of trust in the divine providence of God and, as such, is a violation of the first of the Ten Commandments. The Catechism of the Catholic Church states superstition "in some sense represents a perverse excess of religion" (para. #2110).
    Superstition is a deviation of religious feeling and of the practices this feeling imposes. It can even affect the worship we offer the true God, e.g., when one attributes an importance in some way magical to certain practices otherwise lawful or necessary. To attribute the efficacy of prayers or of sacramental signs to their mere external performance, apart from the interior dispositions that they demand is to fall into superstition. Cf. Matthew 23:16-22 (para. #2111)
    History

    Main articles: History of religion and Timeline of religion
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    Detail from Religion, Charles Sprague Pearce (1896). Library of Congress Thomas Jefferson Building, Washington, D.C.


    The history of religion refers to the written record of human religious experiences and ideas. This period of religious history typically begins with the invention of writing about 5,000 years ago(3,000 BCE) in the Near East.

    Development of religion

    Main articles: Evolutionary origin of religions, Development of religion, Anthropology of religion, and Prehistoric religion
    There are a number of models regarding the ways in which religions come into being and develop. Broadly speaking, these models fall into three categories:
    • Models which see religions as social constructions;
    • Models which see religions as progressing toward higher, objective truth;
    • Models which see a particular religion as absolutely true.
    In pre-modern (pre-urban) societies, religion is one defining factor of ethnicity, along with language, regional customs, national costume, etc. As Xenophanes famously comments:
    Men make gods in their own image; those of the Ethiopians are black and snub-nosed, those of the Thracians have blue eyes and red hair. Ethnic religions may include officially sanctioned and organized civil religions with an organized clergy, but they are characterized in that adherents generally are defined by their ethnicity, and conversion essentially equates to cultural assimilation to the people in question. The notion of gentiles ("nations") in Judaism reflect this state of affairs, the implicit assumption that each nation will have its own religion. Historical examples include Germanic polytheism, Celtic polytheism, Slavic polytheism and pre-Hellenistic Greek religion.

    The "Axial Age"

    Main article: Axial Age
    Karl Jaspers, in his Vom Ursprung und Ziel der Geschichte (The Origin and Goal of History), identified a number of key Axial Age thinkers as having had a profound influence on future philosophy and religion, and identified characteristics common to each area from which those thinkers emerged. Jaspers saw in these developments in religion and philosophy a striking parallel without any obvious direct transmission of ideas from one region to the other, having found very little recorded proof of extensive inter-communication between the ancient Near East, Greece, India and China. Jaspers held up this age as unique, and one which to compare the rest of the history of human thought to. Jaspers' approach to the culture of the middle of the first millennium BCE has been adopted by other scholars and academics, and has become a point of discussion in the history of religion.
    In its later part, the "Axial Age" culminated in the development of monism and monotheism, notably of Platonic realism and Neoplatonism in Hellenistic philosophy, the notion of atman in Vedanta Hindu philosophy, and the notion of Tao in Taoism.
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    Central Asian (Tocharian?) and East-Asian Buddhist monks, Bezeklik, Eastern Tarim Basin, 9th-10th century.



    Middle Ages

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    A rare Tanjore style painting from the late 19th century depicting the ten gurus of Sikhism with Bhai Bala and Bhai Mardana.


    Newer present-day world religions established themselves throughout Eurasia during the Middle Ages by: Christianization of the Western world; Buddhist missions to East Asia; the decline of Buddhism in the Indian subcontinent; and the spread of Islam throughout the Middle East, Central Asia, North Africa and parts of Europe and India.
    During the Middle Ages, Muslims were in conflict with Zoroastrians during the Islamic conquest of Persia; Christians were in conflict with Muslims during the Byzantine-Arab Wars, Crusades, Reconquista and Ottoman wars in Europe; Christians were in conflict with Jews during the Crusades, Reconquista and Inquisition; Shamans were in conflict with Buddhists, Taoists, Muslims and Christians during the Mongol invasions; and Muslims were in conflict with Hindus and Sikhs during Muslim conquest in the Indian subcontinent.
    Many medieval religious movements emphasized mysticism, such as the Cathars and related movements in the West, the Bhakti movement in India and Sufism in Islam. Monotheism reached definite forms in Christian Christology and in Islamic Tawhid. Hindu monotheist notions of Brahman likewise reached their classical form with the teaching of Adi Shankara.

    Modern period

    European colonisation during the 15th to 19th centuries resulted in the spread of Christianity to Sub-Saharan Africa, the Americas, Australia and the Philippines. The 18th century saw the beginning of secularisation in Europe, rising to notability in the wake of the French Revolution.
    In the 20th century, the regimes of Communist Eastern Europe and Communist China were explicitly anti-religious. A great variety of new religious movements originated in the 20th century, many proposing syncretism of elements of established religions. Adherence to such new movements is limited, however, remaining below 2% worldwide in the 2000s. Adherents of the classical world religions account for more than 75% of the world's population, while adherence to indigenous tribal religions has fallen to 4%. As of 2005, an estimated 14% of the world's population identifies as nonreligious.

    Classification

    Main article: Major religious groups
    Further information: Comparative religion and Sociological classifications of religious movements
    Religious traditions fall into super-groups in comparative religion, arranged by historical origin and mutual influence. Abrahamic religions originate in the Middle East, Indian religions in India and Far Eastern religions in East Asia. Another group with supra-regional influence are African diasporic religions, which have their origins in Central and West Africa.
    The generally agreed upon demographic distribution of the major super-groupings mentioned is shown in the table below:
    Cultural traditionReligious categoryNumber of followersDate of originMain regions coveredAbrahamic religions
    3.6 billionChristianity1.9-2.1 billion[15]1st c.Worldwide except Northwest Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, and parts of Central, East, and Southeast Asia.Islam1-1.3 billion[15]7th c.Middle East, Northern Africa, Central Asia, South Asia, Western Africa, Indian subcontinent, Malay Archipelago with large population centers existing in Eastern Africa, Balkan Peninsula, Russia, Europe and China.Judaism14.5 million[15]1300 BCEIsrael and Jewish diaspora (meaning mostly North America and Europe)Bahá'í Faith7.4 million[15]19th c.Dispersed worldwide with no major population centersRastafari movement700,000[16]1930sJamaica, Caribbean, AfricaIndian religions
    1.4 billionHinduism828 million[15]Varies by traditionIndian subcontinent, Fiji, Guyana and MauritiusBuddhism364 million[15]c. 500 BCEIndian subcontinent, East Asia, Indochina, regions of Russia.Sikhism23.8 million[15]15th c.Indian subcontinent, Australasia, Northern America, Southeast Asia, the United Kingdom and Western Europe.Jainism4.3 million[15]c. 800 BCEIndia, and East AfricaFar Eastern religionsTaoismVaries[17]Spring and Autumn Period (722 BC-481 BC)China and the Chinese diasporaConfucianismChina, Korea, Vietnam and the Chinese and Vietnamese diasporasEthnic/tribalChinese folk religionsVaries[17]Varies by traditionChinaShinto traditionsJapanAfrican traditional and diasporic religions100 million[18]Africa, AmericasOther ethnic religions300 million[18]India, AsiaOther
    each over 500 thousandJuche23 million[19]1955North KoreaChondogyo3 million[20]1812KoreaTenrikyo2 million[21]1832Japan, BrazilCao Đài2 million[22]1925VietnamAhl-e Haqq1 million[23]14th centuryIraq, IranSeicho-No-Ie800,000[21]1929JapanYazidism700,000[24]12th century or oldermainly IraqUnitarian-Universalism630,000[25]1961United States, Europe

    Religious belief

    Main article: Religious belief
    Religious belief usually relates to the existence, nature and worship of a deity or deities and divine involvement in the universe and human life. Alternately, it may also relate to values and practices transmitted by a spiritual leader. Unlike other belief systems, which may be passed on orally, religious belief tends to be codified in literate societies (religion in non-literate societies is still largely passed on orally[26]). In some religions, like the Abrahamic religions, it is held that most of the core beliefs have been divinely revealed.

    Related forms of thought


    Religion and science

    Main article: Relationship between religion and science
    Religious knowledge, according to religious practitioners, may be gained from religious leaders, sacred texts (scriptures), and/or personal revelation. Some religions view such knowledge as unlimited in scope and suitable to answer any question; others see religious knowledge as playing a more restricted role, often as a complement to knowledge gained through physical observation. Some religious people maintain that religious knowledge obtained in this way is absolute and infallible (religious cosmology).
    The scientific method gains knowledge by testing hypotheses to develop theories through elucidation of facts or evaluation by experiments and thus only answers cosmological questions about the physical universe. It develops theories of the world which best fit physically observed evidence. All scientific knowledge is subject to later refinement in the face of additional evidence. Scientific theories that have an overwhelming preponderance of favorable evidence are often treated as facts (such as the theories of gravity or evolution).
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    Early science such as geometry and astronomy was connected to the divine for most medieval scholars. The compass in this 13th century manuscript is a symbol of God's act of creation.


    Many scientists have held strong religious beliefs (see List of Christian thinkers in science) and have worked to harmonize science and religion. Isaac Newton, for example, believed that gravity caused the planets to revolve about the Sun, and credited God with the design. In the concluding General Scholium to the Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica, he wrote: "This most beautiful System of the Sun, Planets and Comets, could only proceed from the counsel and dominion of an intelligent and powerful being." Nevertheless, conflict has repeatedly arisen between religious organizations and individuals who propagated scientific theories that were deemed unacceptable by the organizations. The Roman Catholic Church, for example, has in the past[27] reserved to itself the right to decide which scientific theories were acceptable and which were unacceptable. In the 17th century, Galileo was tried and forced to recant the heliocentric theory based on the medieval church's stance that the Greek Hellenistic system of astronomy was the correct one.[28][29]
    Many theories exist as to why religions sometimes seem to conflict with scientific knowledge. In the case of Christianity, a relevant factor may be that it was among Christians that science in the modern sense was developed. Unlike other religious groups, as early as the 17th century the Christian churches had to deal directly with this new way to investigate nature and seek truth.
    The perceived conflict between science and Christianity may also be partially explained by a literal interpretation of the Bible adhered to by many Christians, both currently and historically. The Catholic Church has always held with Augustine of Hippo who explicitly opposed a literal interpretation of the Bible whenever the Bible conflicted with Science. The literal way to read the sacred texts became especially prevalent after the rise of the Protestant reformation, with its emphasis on the Bible as the only authoritative source concerning the ultimate reality.[30] This view is often shunned by both religious leaders (who regard literally believing it as petty and look for greater meaning instead) and scientists who regard it as an impossibility.
    Some Christians have disagreed or are still disagreeing with scientists in areas such as the validity of Keplerian astronomy, the theory of evolution, the method of creation of the universe and the Earth, and the origins of life. On the other hand, scholars such as Stanley Jaki have suggested that Christianity and its particular worldview was a crucial factor for the emergence of modern science. In fact, most of today's historians are moving away from the view of the relationship between Christianity and science as one of "conflict" — a perspective commonly called the conflict thesis.[31][32] Gary Ferngren in his historical volume about Science & Religion states:
    While some historians had always regarded the [conflict] thesis as oversimplifying and distorting a complex relationship, in the late twentieth century it underwent a more systematic reevaluation. The result is the growing recognition among historians of science that the relationship of religion and science has been much more positive than is sometimes thought. Although popular images of controversy continue to exemplify the supposed hostility of Christianity to new scientific theories, studies have shown that Christianity has often nurtured and encouraged scientific endeavour, while at other times the two have co-existed without either tension or attempts at harmonization. If Galileo and the Scopes trial come to mind as examples of conflict, they were the exceptions rather than the rule.[33]
    In the Bahá'í Faith, the harmony of science and religion is a central tenet.[34] The principle states that that truth is one, and therefore true science and true religion must be in harmony, thus rejecting the view that science and religion are in conflict.[34] `Abdu'l-Bahá, the son of the founder of the religion, asserted that science and religion cannot be opposed because they are aspects of the same truth; he also affirmed that reasoning powers are required to understand the truths of religion and that religious teachings which are at variance with science should not be accepted; he explained that religion has to be reasonable since God endowed humankind with reason so that they can discover truth.[35] Shoghi Effendi, the Guardian of the Bahá'í Faith, described science and religion as "the two most potent forces in human life."[36]
    Proponents of Hinduism claim that Hinduism is not afraid of scientific explorations, nor of the technological progress of mankind. According to them, there is a comprehensive scope and opportunity for Hinduism to mold itself according to the demands and aspirations of the modern world; it has the ability to align itself with both science and spiritualism. This religion uses some modern examples to explain its ancient theories and reinforce its own beliefs. For example, some Hindu thinkers have used the terminology of quantum physics to explain some basic concepts of Hinduism such as Maya or the illusory and impermanent nature of our existence.
    The philosophical approach known as pragmatism, as propounded by the American philosopher William James, has been used to reconcile scientific with religious knowledge. Pragmatism, simplistically, holds that the truth of a set of beliefs can be indicated by its usefulness in helping people cope with a particular context of life. Thus, the fact that scientific beliefs are useful in predicting observations in the physical world can indicate a certain truth for scientific theories; the fact that religious beliefs can be useful in helping people cope with difficult emotions or moral decisions can indicate a certain truth for those beliefs. (For a similar postmodern view, see grand narrative).

    Religion, metaphysics, and cosmology

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    Being both forms of belief system, religion and philosophy meet in several areas - notably in the study of metaphysics and cosmology. In particular, a distinct set of religious beliefs will often entail a specific metaphysics and cosmology. That is, a religion will generally have answers to metaphysical and cosmological questions about the nature of being, of the universe, humanity, and the divine.

    Mysticism and esotericism

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    Man meditating


    Mysticism focuses on methods other than logic, but (in the case of esoteric mysticism) not necessarily excluding it, for gaining enlightenment. Rather, meditative and contemplative practices such as Vipassanā and yoga, physical disciplines such as stringent fasting and whirling (in the case of the Sufi dervishes), or the use of psychoactive drugs such as LSD, lead to altered states of consciousness that logic can never hope to grasp. However, regarding the latter topic, mysticism prevalent in the 'great' religions (monotheisms, henotheisms, which are perhaps relatively recent, and which the word 'mysticism' is more recent than,) includes systems of discipline that forbid drugs that can damage the body, including the nervous system.
    Mysticism (to initiate) is the pursuit of communion with, or conscious awareness of ultimate reality, the divine, spiritual truth, or Deity through direct, personal experience (intuition or insight) rather than rational thought. Mystics speak of the existence of realities behind external perception or intellectual apprehension that are central to being and directly accessible through personal experience. They say that such experience is a genuine and important source of knowledge.
    Esotericism is often spiritual (thus religious) but can be non-religious/-spiritual, and it uses intellectual understanding and reasoning, intuition and inspiration (higher noetic and spiritual reasoning,) but not necessarily faith (except often as a virtue,) and it is philosophical in its emphasis on techniques of psycho-spiritual transformation (esoteric cosmology). Esotericism refers to "hidden" knowledge available only to the advanced, privileged, or initiated, as opposed to exoteric knowledge, which is public. All religions are probably somewhat exoteric, but most ones of ancient civilizations such as Yoga of India, and the mystery religions of ancient Egypt, Israel (Kabbalah,) and Greece are examples of ones that are also esoteric.

    Spirituality

    Main article: Spirituality
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    A sadhu performing namaste in Madurai, India.


    Members of an organized religion may not see any significant difference between religion and spirituality. Or they may see a distinction between the mundane, earthly aspects of their religion and its spiritual dimension.
    Some individuals draw a strong distinction between religion and spirituality. They may see spirituality as a belief in ideas of religious significance (such as God, the Soul, or Heaven), but not feel bound to the bureaucratic structure and creeds of a particular organized religion. They choose the term spirituality rather than religion to describe their form of belief, perhaps reflecting a disillusionment with organized religion (see Major religious groups), and a movement towards a more "modern" — more tolerant, and more intuitive — form of religion. These individuals may reject organized religion because of historical acts by religious organizations, such as Christian Crusades and Islamic Jihad, the marginalisation and persecution of various minorities or the Spanish Inquisition. The basic precept of the ancient spiritual tradition of India, the Vedas, is the inner reality of existence, which is essentially a spiritual approach to being.

    Myth

    Main article: Mythology
    The word myth has several meanings.
    1. A traditional story of ostensibly historical events that serves to unfold part of the world view of a people or explain a practice, belief, or natural phenomenon;
    2. A person or thing having only an imaginary or unverifiable existence; or
    3. A metaphor for the spiritual potentiality in the human being. [37]
    Ancient polytheistic religions, such as those of Greece, Rome, and Scandinavia, are usually categorized under the heading of mythology. Religions of pre-industrial peoples, or cultures in development, are similarly called "myths" in the anthropology of religion. The term "myth" can be used pejoratively by both religious and non-religious people. By defining another person's religious stories and beliefs as mythology, one implies that they are less real or true than one's own religious stories and beliefs. Joseph Campbell remarked, "Mythology is often thought of as other people's religions, and religion can be defined as mis-interpreted mythology."[38]
    In sociology, however, the term myth has a non-pejorative meaning. There, myth is defined as a story that is important for the group whether or not it is objectively or provably true. Examples include the death and resurrection of Jesus, which, to Christians, explains the means by which they are freed from sin and is also ostensibly a historical event. But from a mythological outlook, whether or not the event actually occurred is unimportant. Instead, the symbolism of the death of an old "life" and the start of a new "life" is what is most significant.
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    Urarina shaman, 1988



    Cosmology

    Main articles: Religious cosmology, Philosophy, Metaphysics, Esotericism, and Mysticism
    Main articles: Spirituality, Mythology, and Philosophy of religion
    Humans have many different methods which attempt to answer fundamental questions about the nature of the universe and our place in it (cosmology). Religion is only one of the methods for trying to answer one or more of these questions. Other methods include science, philosophy, metaphysics, astrology, esotericism, mysticism, and forms of shamanism, such as the sacred consumption of ayahuasca among Peruvian Amazonia's Urarina. The Urarina have an elaborate animistic cosmological system,[39] which informs their mythology, religious orientation and daily existence. In many cases, the distinction between these means are not clear. For example, Buddhism and Taoism have been regarded as schools of philosophies as well as religions.
    Given the generalized discontents with modernity, consumerism, over-consumption, violence and anomie, many people in the so-called industrial or post-industrial West rely on a number of distinctive religious worldviews. This in turn has given rise to increased religious pluralism, as well as to what are commonly known in the academic literature as new religious movements, which are gaining ground across the globe.

    Criticism of religious belief

    Main articles: Criticism of Religion, Antireligion, Secularism, Agnosticism, and Atheism
    The most widely known Western criticism of religious constructs and their social consequences has come from atheists and agnostics. Anti-religious sentiment first gathered force during the 18th century European Enlightenment, although pioneering critics such as Voltaire and his fellow Encyclopedists were for the most part deists. The French Revolution then instituted what later became known as secularism, a constitutional declaration of the separation of church and state. In addition to being adopted by the new French and United States republics, secularism soon came to be adopted by a number of nation states, both revolutionary and post-colonial. Marx famously declared religion to be the "opium of the people".[40] This conception was applied in the state atheism of social systems inspired by Marx's writings, most notably in the Soviet Union and China, and most notoriously in Cambodia, although Marx himself believed that religion would disappear by itself once the perceived social ills of capitalism were eliminated, therefore requiring no actual repression of religion.[40] Systematic criticism of the philosophical underpinnings of religion paralleled the upsurge of scientific discourse within industrial society. T.H. Huxley in 1869 coined the term "agnostic," a term subsequently adopted by such figures as Robert Ingersoll. Later, Bertrand Russell told the world Why I am not a Christian.
    Many contemporary critics fault religion as being irrational.[41][42][43] Some assert that dogmatic religions are in effect morally deficient, elevating to moral status ancient, arbitrary, and ill-informed rules—taboos on eating pork, for example, as well as dress codes and sexual practices[44]—possibly designed for reasons of hygiene or even mere politics in a bygone era.
    In North America and Western Europe the social fallout of the 9/11 attacks contributed in part to the appearance of numerous pro-secularist books, such as The God Delusion by Richard Dawkins, The End of Faith by Sam Harris, and God is not Great: How Religion Poisons Everything by Christopher Hitchens. This criticism is largely, but not entirely, focused on the monotheistic Abrahamic traditions.

    Criticism of the concept of "religion"

    The Canadian scholar of comparative religion Wilfred Cantwell Smith argued that religion, rather than being a universally valid category as is generally supposed, is a peculiarly European concept of comparatively recent origin. His work has been enlarged upon by E.J. Sharpe, C.F. Keyes, and Timothy Fitzgerald. Fitzgerald especially notes in The Ideology of Religious Studies that the concept of religion as a study irreducible to sociology, history, etc., is a fallacy caused by a desire to protect the transcendent ideals of world cultures. He claims that writers cannot define a single concept called "religion" that applies to all cultures, because all definitions of religion have the dual effect of setting up an imaginary ideal onto which real practices are merely mapped, and serializing individual identity to include a separate aspect called "religion." In short, "there is no coherent non-theological theoretical basis for the study of religion as a separate academic discipline."[45] The implication of Smith's and Fitzgerald's work is that religion, rather than being a special category which can be criticized or praised as a group, is merely one type of ideology, alongside humanism, Marxism, nationalism and so forth.

    See also

    [​IMG]Religion portal
    [​IMG]Spirituality portal
    [​IMG]Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Religion [​IMG]Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Religion
    Main lists: List of basic religious topics and List of religious topics
    Notes

    1. <LI id=cite_note-0>^ While religion is difficult to define, the standard model of religion as used in religious studies was defined by Clifford Geertz (Religion as a Cultural System, 1973). For an influential critique of Geertz's model see Talal Asad's The Construction of Religion as an Anthropological Category (1982). <LI id=cite_note-1>^ The words "belief system" may not necessarily refer to a religion, though a religion may be referred to as "belief system." <LI id=cite_note-2>^ Jack Goody as cited in "Sacred and Profane - Durkheim's Critics". http://science.jrank.org/pages/11183/Sacred-Profane-Durkheim-s-Critics.html. Retrieved on 2007-07-10. <LI id=cite_note-3>^ Durkheim 1976, p.36 <LI id=cite_note-4>^ Lewis & Short, A Latin Dictionary[1] <LI id=cite_note-5>^ qui omnia, quae ad cultum deorum pertinerent, diligenter retractarent et tamquam relegerent, sunt dicti religiosi ex relegendo, ut elegantes ex elegendo, tamquam a diligendo diligentes, ex intellegendo intellegentes: his enim in verbis omnibus inest vis legendi eadem, quae in religioso, Cic. N. D. 2, 28, 72 <LI id=cite_note-6>^ Answers.com <LI id=cite_note-7>^ George A. Lindbeck, Nature of Doctrine (Louisville: Westminster/John Knox Press, 1984), 33. <LI id=cite_note-8>^ Talal Asad, Genealogies of Religion (Johns Hopkins University Press.) <LI id=cite_note-9>^ Religion [First Edition]. Winston King. Encyclopedia of Religion. Ed. Lindsay Jones. Vol. 11. 2nd ed. Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA, 2005. p7692-7701. <LI id=cite_note-10>^ Penguin Dictionary of Religions (1997) as quoted on "ReligionFacts". http://www.religionfacts.com/religion/quotes.htm. Retrieved on 2007-03-17. <LI id=cite_note-11>^ Encyclopædia Britannica (2006) as quoted on "ReligionFacts". http://www.religionfacts.com/religion/quotes.htm. Retrieved on 2007-03-17. <LI id=cite_note-12>^ Boyer (2001). "Why Belief". Religion Explained. <LI id=cite_note-13>^ Brodd, Jefferey (2003). World Religions. Winona, MN: Saint Mary's Press. ISBN 978-0-88489-725-5. <LI id=cite_note-rt-14>^ a b c d e f g h Compilation of almanacs at religioustolerance.org <LI id=cite_note-15>^ New Religious Movements Online <LI id=cite_note-varies-16>^ a b The adherent counts of Far Eastern traditions vary depending on how "belief" is determined, but each has definitely more than 500,000. <LI id=cite_note-eb-17>^ a b 1999 Encyc. Britannica Book of the Year <LI id=cite_note-18>^ Belke, Thomas J. Juche: A Christian Study of North Korea's State Religion. Bartlesville, OK: Living Sacrifice Books Co. (1999); pg. 1. <LI id=cite_note-19>^ Encyclopedia Britannica 1998 (Micropaedia, Vol. 3): "Ch'ondogyo ".; pg. 260-261. <LI id=cite_note-shukyo-20>^ a b Japanese Ministry of Education. 'Shuukyou Nenkan, 1998 <LI id=cite_note-21>^ Encyclopedia Britannica 1998 (Micropaedia, Vol. 2): "Cao Dai "; pg. 822. <LI id=cite_note-22>^ Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East and North Africa (Detroit: Thompson Gale, 2004) p. 82 <LI id=cite_note-23>^ International Committee for European Security & Cooperation: statement presented by J.B.Daud Baghistani, ICESC Deputy Permanent Representative to the Commission on Human Rights... 10 Feb. 1995 <LI id=cite_note-24>^ American Religious Identification Survey <LI id=cite_note-25>^ Religion Explained: The Evolutionary Origins of Religious Thought, Pascal Boyer, Basic Books (2001) <LI id=cite_note-26>^ Quotation: "The Second Vatican Council affirmed academic freedom for natural science and other secular disciplines". From the essay of Ted Peters about Science and Religion at "Lindsay Jones (editor in chief). Encyclopedia of Religion, Second Edition. Thomson Gale. 2005. p.8185" <LI id=cite_note-27>^ By Dr Paul Murdin, Lesley Murdin Photographs by Paul New. Supernovae Astronomy Murdin Published 1985, Cambridge UniversityPress Science,256 pages,ISBN 052130038X page 18. <LI id=cite_note-28>^ Godfrey-Smith, Peter. 2003. Theory and reality: an introduction to the philosophy of science. Science and its conceptual foundations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Page 14. <LI id=cite_note-29>^ Stanley Jaki. Bible and Science, Christendom Press, 1996 (pages 110-111) <LI id=cite_note-30>^ Spitz, Lewis (1987). (The Rise of modern Europe) The protestant Reformation 1517-1559.. Harper Torchbooks. pp. 383. ISBN 0-06-132069-2 The historian of early modern Europe Lewis Spitz says "To set up a 'warfare of science and theology' is an exercise in futility and a reflection of a nineteenth century materialism now happily transcended". <LI id=cite_note-31>^ Quotation: "The conflict thesis, at least in its simple form, is now widely perceived as a wholly inadequate intellectual framework within which to construct a sensible and realistic historiography of Western science." (p. 7), from the essay by Colin A. Russell "The Conflict Thesis" on "Gary Ferngren (editor). Science & Religion: A Historical Introduction. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2002. ISBN 0-8018-7038-0". <LI id=cite_note-32>^ Gary Ferngren (editor). Science & Religion: A Historical Introduction. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2002. ISBN 0-8018-7038-0. (Introduction, p. ix) <LI id=cite_note-esslemont-33>^ a b Esslemont, J.E. (1980). Bahá'u'lláh and the New Era (5th ed.). Wilmette, Illinois, USA: Bahá'í Publishing Trust. ISBN 0-87743-160-4. <LI id=cite_note-pup-34>^ `Abdu'l-Bahá (1982) [1912]. The Promulgation of Universal Peace (Hardcover ed.). Wilmette, Illinois, USA: Bahá'í Publishing Trust. ISBN 0-87743-172-8. http://reference.bahai.org/en/t/ab/PUP/. <LI id=cite_note-wob-35>^ Effendi, Shoghi (1938). The World Order of Bahá’u’lláh. Wilmette, Illinois, USA: Bahá'í Publishing Trust. ISBN 0-87743-231-7. http://reference.bahai.org/en/t/se/WOB/index.html. <LI id=cite_note-36>^ Joseph Campbell, The Power of Myth, p. 22 ISBN 0-385-24774-5 <LI id=cite_note-37>^ Joseph Campbell, Thou Art That: Transforming Religious Metaphor. Ed. Eugene Kennedy. New World Library ISBN 1-57731-202-3. <LI id=cite_note-38>^ Bartholomew Dean 1994 "The Poetics of Creation: Urarina Cosmology and Historical Consciousness." Latin American Indian Literatures Journal (10):22-45 <LI id=cite_note-Marx01-39>^ a b Karl Marx, 1844, Introduction to A Contribution to the Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right: "Religion is the sigh of the oppressed creature, the heart of a heartless world, and the soul of soulless conditions. It is the opium of the people."English online edition; in German: "Die Religion ist der Seufzer der bedrängten Kreatur, das Gemüt einer herzlosen Welt, wie sie der Geist geistloser Zustände ist. Sie ist das Opium des Volks." MEW 1, p.378 <LI id=cite_note-40>^ Bryan Caplan. "Why Religious Beliefs Are Irrational, and Why Economists Should Care". http://www.gmu.edu/departments/economics/bcaplan/ldebate.htm. The article about religion and irrationality. <LI id=cite_note-41>^ Dawkins, Richard. The God Delusion. <LI id=cite_note-42>^ Harris, Sam. THE END of FAITH. <LI id=cite_note-43>^ Nobel Peace Laureate, Muslim and human rights activist Dr Shirin Ebadi has spoken out against undemocratic Islamic countries justifying "oppressive acts" in the name of Islam. Speaking at the Earth Dialogues 2006 conference in Brisbane, Dr Ebadi said her native Iran as well as Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and Yemen "among others" were guilty of human rights violations. "In these countries, Islamic rulers want to solve 21st century issues with laws belonging to 14 centuries ago," she said. "Their views of human rights are exactly the same as it was 1400 years ago."
    2. ^ Timothy Fitzgerald. The Ideology of Religious Studies. New York: Oxford University Press USA, 2000. p.1.

    References

    • Saint Augustine; The Confessions of Saint Augustine (John K. Ryan translator); Image (1960), ISBN 0-385-02955-1.
    • Descartes, René; Meditations on First Philosophy; Bobbs-Merril (1960), ISBN 0-672-60191-5.
    • Barzilai, Gad; Law and Religion; The International Library of Essays in Law and Society; Ashgate (2007),ISBN 978-0-7546-2494-3
    • Durant, Will (& Ariel (uncredited)); Our Oriental Heritage; MJF Books (1997), ISBN 1-56731-012-5.
    • Durant, Will (& Ariel (uncredited)); Caesar and Christ; MJF Books (1994), ISBN 1-56731-014-1
    • Durant, Will (& Ariel (uncredited)); The Age of Faith; Simon & Schuster (1980), ISBN 0-671-01200-2.
    • Marija Gimbutas 1989. The Language of the Goddess. Thames and Hudson New York
    • Gonick, Larry; The Cartoon History of the Universe; Doubleday, vol. 1 (1978) ISBN 0-385-26520-4, vol. II (1994) ISBN#0-385-42093-5, W. W. Norton, vol. III (2002) ISBN 0-393-05184-6.
    • Haisch, Bernard The God Theory: Universes, Zero-point Fields, and What's Behind It All -- discussion of science vs. religion (Preface), Red Wheel/Weiser, 2006, ISBN 1-57863-374-5
    • Lao Tzu; Tao Te Ching (Victor H. Mair translator); Bantam (1998).
    • Marx, Karl; "Introduction to A Contribution to the Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Right", Deutsch-Französische Jahrbücher, (1844).
    • Saler, Benson; "Conceptualizing Religion: Immanent Anthropologists, Transcendent Natives, and Unbounded Categories" (1990), ISBN 1-57181-219-9
    • The Holy Bible, King James Version; New American Library (1974).
    • The Koran; Penguin (2000), ISBN 0-14-044558-7.
    • The Origin of Live & Death, African Creation Myths; Heinemann (1966).
    • Poems of Heaven and Hell from Ancient Mesopotamia; Penguin (1971).
    • The World Almanac (annual), World Almanac Books, ISBN 0-88687-964-7.
    • The Serotonin System and Spiritual Experiences - American Journal of Psychiatry 160:1965-1969, November 2003.
    • United States Constitution
    • Selected Work Marcus Tullius Cicero
    • The World Almanac (for numbers of adherents of various religions), 2005
    • Religion [First Edition]. Winston King. Encyclopedia of Religion. Ed. Lindsay Jones. Vol. 11. 2nd ed. Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA, 2005. p7692-7701.
    • World Religions and Social Evolution of the Old World Oikumene Civilizations: A Cross-cultural Perspective by Andrey Korotayev, Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellen Press, 2004, ISBN 0-7734-6310-0.
    • Brodd, Jefferey (2003). World Religions. Winona, MN: Saint Mary's Press. ISBN 978-0-88489-725-5.
    On religion definition:

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    DON'T YOU SEE CtR!?!? I CAN ELABORATE!!!! YAY ME!
    Thread by: Cutsman, Apr 7, 2009, 39 replies, in forum: The Spam Zone
  5. Cutsman
    Ok I searched to see if there was anythign like this and couldn't find it. I went to advanced search and searched "Scary Game" in titles and nothing came up so... yeah.

    Anyways...

    So what is the scariest Game(s) you've ever played?

    Mine would personally have to be F.E.A.R. and F.E.A.R. 2. I mean Alma always scared me. and still does.

    So what scared you guys...?
    Thread by: Cutsman, Apr 6, 2009, 14 replies, in forum: Gaming
  6. Cutsman
    Here's the Whole thing. It is a set of clues. When one person answers the first riddle ill go on and ask the next question. Ok first question.

    Little Android Man.
    Born Without A Soul.
    With no Voice of Reason
    The Sciccors took control.

    Little Android Man
    Born without a Heart.
    If he's in your vicinity.
    He'll Cut you Apart.

    Who is this character?
    Thread by: Cutsman, Apr 3, 2009, 6 replies, in forum: The Spam Zone
  7. Cutsman
    YEESSS FINALLY!! i got my second bar of rep!! Que the dance music... everybody to the floor!!!!!!


    "Blast off! Its party time! And we dont live in a fashion nation! Blast off! Its party time! And where the **** are you!?"

    Yea...
    Thread by: Cutsman, Apr 3, 2009, 9 replies, in forum: The Spam Zone
  8. Cutsman
    Thread

    Omg /khv/

    My best friend since I was a baby's lungs just collapsed and filled with fluids and he's in the hospital!!!! I'm not ****ing joking. And my parents won't even let me go visit him because its too late in the night. Omg im panicking.
    Thread by: Cutsman, Apr 2, 2009, 10 replies, in forum: Discussion
  9. Cutsman
    If "your not part of the plan" isn't in your Profile... your in the plan.
    Thread by: Cutsman, Apr 2, 2009, 17 replies, in forum: The Spam Zone
  10. Cutsman
    I was thinkin... whenever big rocket ships fall to earth, they hit the other particles in the air wich makes them very hot... so why whenever humans skydive... dont they spontaniously combust into a giant fire ball? cuz i mean comon... that would be EPIC!
    Thread by: Cutsman, Apr 2, 2009, 16 replies, in forum: Discussion
  11. Cutsman
    No not Destined! Geez. I, Darkest Blade am...

    Idk... I mean This isn't my top priority. I think that I gotta take some time away for just a little bit. Also I am in a deep part in my studies and I think that this website... is taking too much of my time. Its very important that I make pretty good grades even though I look forward to getting a job in the culinary arts group.

    Ok so! Bye all my friends and fans. A couple of shout outs first though!

    Sai! I think you were my first friend on here!!
    Destined! You were always really cool stood by my side,
    Burnitup! You were always a total Deuche bag!
    Xaale... oh xaale. :) too much to say. You were great.
    Apoligetix! yeah!

    And then all my other friends that made this so real! And especial thanks to the Admins... CtR. Idk everybody says you were cool. You enver talked to me. So guess what. YOU DON'T GET A SHOUTOUT!
    Nah jk. you were ok.

    Bye bye my friends!
    Thread by: Cutsman, Apr 1, 2009, 3 replies, in forum: Departure Hall
  12. Cutsman
    I finally got my 200th post!!! and it only took me about a year and half!!!! Que Music! EVERYBODY TO THE DANCE FLOOOORRR!!!!


    "BLAST OFF!!! its Party Time!!! and we dont live in a fashion nation!! Blast Off! Its Party Time! AND WHERE THE **** are you!!!!???
    Thread by: Cutsman, Mar 31, 2009, 18 replies, in forum: The Spam Zone
  13. Cutsman
    Thread

    Gravity Hill

    In quite a few places in the US there are scientific phenomenons (spelt wrong?) that can't be explained. Quite a few think that these may be the workings of ghosts, or maybe dead loved ones guiding them through life. While other people, believing more scientificly think that there is a plausible explanation to all these controversies.

    The one I would like to bring up is the phenomenon called Gravity Hill. I personally have never attended one but I have a close friend that did it so I trust that this is real.

    There are two places that I know of in the state that I live, where 'happenings' have occured portaining to Gravity Hill

    ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The Story Of Gravity Hill

    On a very cold day at about midnight a woman was driving through a foggy road. She looked up at her rearview window to check on her three kids. One of the children was a teenager and the other 2 were about 10 years old. As she was driving along she came across a large hill. As she was climbing up it her car broke down, she quickly pulled the E-Brake. She turned to her children and said "We can't stay here or we may get hit, we'll have to push it, and we can't push it down for fear it will get going to fast and we'll lose it and it may hit someone."

    So the children got out of the car and began to push with the mother stearing it. She got near to the top of the hill where the "Stop" sign was and was about to tell the children to stop pushing. As she turned she saw the oldest boy slip and fall. The weight of the car was too much for the younger children and the car backed up over the three children killing them all. The car began to fall down the hill at a high-rate of speed. Before she could pull the E-Brake again she was hit by an 18-wheeler. The mother died on impact.

    Now if you go to 'Gravity Hill' and turn your car off or put it in Neutral, The "Spirits" of the children and mother will push your car up the Hill. And if you put powder on the bumper you can see the handprints.

    ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Scientific Explanation


    (this was explained to be a bit blurry so ill give you a general idea)

    Apparently there are gravity pockets that are scattered underneath the earths crust. And there are certain hills like this where the 'gravity' has escaped the pocket. Something about the polar differences drags the car up.

    (thats probably wrong, but there was an "explanation", more of a theory.

    ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Now my close friend has gone and done this, and I completely trust her. She said that the car was pulled or "pushed" up the hill. They didn't have any powder so they couldn't do the bumper thing but I'm sure that they were pulled up. I will be going soon to try it out myself.

    So what are your thoughts on the matter?
    Thread by: Cutsman, Mar 28, 2009, 13 replies, in forum: Discussion
  14. Cutsman
    Little Android Man...
    Born without a Soul
    With no voice of reason
    The Sciccors took control!

    Little Android Man...
    Born without a heart...
    If your in his vicinity...
    He'll cut you apart!

    Cut,Cut,Cut,Cut
    (CUT CUT CUT CUT!)
    Thread by: Cutsman, Mar 27, 2009, 2 replies, in forum: The Spam Zone
  15. Cutsman
    I was looking through my friends Ipod and looking at the many Genres she has, because she has ALOT of songs. The FUNNIEST genre I've ever seen was in her Ipod, and I've enver seen it before.

    Death Black Emo.


    I istened to one of the songs and it has the background music of like, the emo twang of a guitar, somewhat acoustic. Then turns into headbanging Rifts, then back to acoustic, the guy singing dind't scream, it was more like... best way to describe it is the band Aiden. it was just the funniest thing I've ever heard. and seen.
    Thread by: Cutsman, Mar 27, 2009, 0 replies, in forum: Music
  16. Cutsman
    [​IMG]
    DARKEST BLADE FTW!
    Thread by: Cutsman, Mar 18, 2009, 14 replies, in forum: The Spam Zone
  17. Cutsman
    I have been having many dreams recently, basically being the past 2 weeks. I can remember all of them vividly. I'll only name a few, such as:

    ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------




    1. I could turn invisible and at a football game I was going around scaring people. But I could only go invisible when my eyes were shut. And then I got into a taxi cab with a black guy with a huge afro. We told him that I had this power then he told me that he didn't believe me. So I did it, and he was like "Am I dreaming?" And I was literally able to think hard in my dream, like I thought was I dreaming to myself? And it was really weird because this dream went on for a pretty long time.
    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------



    2. I got kidnapped by my brother, and I thought to myself again "Am I dreaming." but I dismissed the thought.
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


    My point of this thread is why are all my dreams so vivid and i can compeletly remember them, and had full thought process in all my dreams. But it's so weird because each night I tell myself that I won't have such a vivid dream, but each night I do.

    Now I know that this might sounds fun, ya know being able to think in your dreams but its really not. All my dreams are annoying, and then waking up to find out that you were dreaming when you told yourself that you weren't, really makes you think you can't trust yourself. It's almost like you have a totally different personality, ya know like Skitzophrenzia (i know its spelled wrong.)

    Does anyone have thoughts on the matter? like why its happening? and how i can stop it? its destroying me.
    Thread by: Cutsman, Mar 18, 2009, 4 replies, in forum: Discussion
  18. Cutsman
    Thread

    Pie Vs. Cake

    I personally prefer cake. I believe what? prefers pie but im not posotive. I think cake is better because even though it may have icing on it, you can still have whipped cream.... Pie though, does have its good things. You can't have apple cake. (well you can but its not very good) And, you normally have ice-cream with pie. But, cake can make up for ice-cream. AND you can have the thing called Ice-Cream Cake, wich is the BALLS. ok... D-Blade Out
    Thread by: Cutsman, Mar 14, 2009, 10 replies, in forum: The Spam Zone
  19. Cutsman
    You are better than all other human beings on earth
    Thread by: Cutsman, Mar 7, 2009, 12 replies, in forum: The Spam Zone
  20. Cutsman
    OMG I WAS RAPED BY ALMA
    i seriously didn't see that one coming... i mean WOW.


    Oh and what's with all those critiques saying it isn't as good as the first? The games graphics improved IMMENSLY
    from the first to the second. The Mech Suit and the Turret are Extremely fun to use. Alma is even scarier in this game.
    appearing in basically EVERY interval to scare the freakin crap outta you. Enemies are harder... (thats what she said.) And theres even more fun weapons to use. Sniping is even better in this one.

    So whoever says that this game is crappy hasn't gotten through the first halucination...
    Thread by: Cutsman, Mar 3, 2009, 2 replies, in forum: Gaming